Dog-to-dog aggression is a common behavioural problem that has the potential to result in dog and/or human injury and the need for veterinary treatment alongside any financial repercussions (Montrose et al., 2020). Studies have revealed that around 22 to 47 percent of dogs display aggression towards unfamiliar dogs (Blackwell et al., 2008; Casey et al., 2013), with aggression towards other dogs within the same household also presenting a problem. Ultimately, pet dogs may be relinquished or euthanised as a result of intraspecific aggression (Daniels et al., 2023).
Initial considerations for inter-dog aggression
If owners approach their vet for support and guidance when experiencing dog-to-dog aggression, the following points should be discussed:
1. Is the dog in pain?
The potential role of pain in problem behaviour is widely acknowledged (Mills et al., 2020), thus a full health check to assess if pain is present is an essential first step.
2. Is this a new behaviour?
Checking when the behaviour started can be helpful. Specifically understanding if it is a new behaviour or if it has been present for some time can clarify the behaviour timeline. The age and stage of development of the individual dog alongside the dog’s history are important factors to take into consideration.
3. Where and when does the behaviour usually or most frequently occur?
If the behaviour only presents at specific times, such as at mealtimes in the household or when an unfamiliar dog approaches on a walk, or is directed towards a particular breed, type or age of dog, an initial management plan that avoids triggers can potentially reduce the likelihood of the problem occurring, ahead of seeking professional support.
An initial management plan that avoids triggers can potentially reduce the likelihood of the problem occurring
4. Have there been any changes to take into consideration?
Check if there has been any change to the dog’s environment, including, but not limited to, a new home, changes to the people or pets in the household or changes to a familiar daily routine.
Next steps
Short-term management and practical tips
If there are issues between dogs from the same household, separate them as and when appropriate, such as during mealtimes if this appears to be a cause of conflict. When visiting the vet practice, encourage the owner to wait in their car with their dog or visit at a quiet time to reduce the dog’s distress if they’re likely to be in a busy waiting area with other dogs close by.
If possible, avoid walking at busy times of the day and avoid areas that are popular with dog walkers. Hiring a private dog-walking field may be an option and can provide peace of mind for the owner and a less stressful walk for the dog. Keeping the dog on a lead and, in some cases, introducing a muzzle using reward-based training are recommended courses of action.
Avoiding situations that are likely to cause the dog to practise unwanted aggressive behaviour is important
Avoiding situations that are likely to cause the dog to practise unwanted aggressive behaviour is important. If this results in reduced walks, providing safe and appropriate enrichment within the home could be an option. Management is essential if enrichment resources provided may be a cause of conflict between dogs that live together.
Seek professional advice
Many behaviour problems, including dog-to-dog aggression, can be motivated by pain, fear, anxiety, frustration or a combination of all of these. Encourage a reward-based approach with the support of an appropriately qualified, experienced and accredited behaviourist. This will help establish the motivation for unwanted behaviour and how best to manage, improve or resolve it.
